TYRE OF THE TOBIADS

TYRE OF THE TOBIADS: TYRE OF THE TOBIADS, fortress in Transjordan, built by Hyrcanus, the last of the Tobiad rulers of Peraea (Jos., Ant., 12:228–34). It is identified with the ruins of ʿIrāq al-Amir, approximately 10½ mi. (17 km.) W. of Amman (see full description of the site under entry tobiads ). Another suggested identification is with Birtha of the Ammanitis, the Tobiad capital in the third century, which is mentioned in the Zeno Papyri (ed. by Edgar, no. 59003). -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Conder-Kitchener, 1 (1881), 72ff.; H.C. Butler, Syria…, Architecture, 2a (1919), 1ff.; Abel, Geog, 2 (1938), 131; Lapp, in: BASOR, 165 (1962), 16–34; 171 (1963), 8ff. (Michael Avi-Yonah)

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